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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">APG III system</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a></div>
<p>The <b>APG III system</b> of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly <a href="Molecular_phylogenetics" title="Molecular phylogenetics">molecular</a>-based, <a href="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">system of plant taxonomy</a> being developed by the <a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group</a> (APG). Published in 2009, it was superseded in 2016 by a further revision, the <a href="APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">APG IV system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-apgiii_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apgiii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the <a href="Botanical_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Society" title="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society">Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</a>:
</p>
<ul><li>The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal <a href="Phylogenetic_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic classification">phylogenetic classification</a> of all <a href="Embryophyte" title="Embryophyte">land plants</a> (embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing <a href="Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean hierarchy</a> for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisetopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses and a multitude of superorders.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>The second, by Haston <i>et al.</i>, was a linear sequence of families following the APG III system (LAPG III). This provided a numbered list to the 413 families of APG III. A linear sequence is of particular use to <a href="Herbarium" title="Herbarium">herbarium</a> curators and those working on <a href="Flora" title="Flora">floristic</a> works wishing to arrange their taxa according to APG III.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div>
<p>The APG III system recognized all of the 45 <a href="Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">orders</a> of the previous system, as well as 14 new ones. The order <a href="Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a> was erroneously marked as a new order, as it had been recognized in both of the previous <a href="APG_system" title="APG system">APG systems</a>. The newly recognized orders were:
</p>
<dl><dd><a href="Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a>, <a href="Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a>, <a href="Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a>, <a href="Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a>, <a href="Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a>, <a href="Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a>, <a href="Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a>, <a href="Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a>, <a href="Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a>, <a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a>, <a href="Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a>, <a href="Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a>, <a href="Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a>, and <a href="Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a>.</dd></dl>
<p>The designation of alternative "bracketed families" was abandoned in APG III, because its inclusion in the previous system had been unpopular. APG III recognized 413 <a href="Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">families</a>, 43 fewer than in the previous system. Forty-four of the 55 "bracketed families" were discontinued, and 20 other families were discontinued as well.
</p><p>The discontinued bracketed families were:
</p>
<dl><dd><a href="Illiciaceae" title="Illiciaceae">Illiciaceae</a>, <a href="Alliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliaceae">Alliaceae</a>, <a href="Agapanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapanthaceae">Agapanthaceae</a>, <a href="Agavaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agavaceae">Agavaceae</a>, <a href="Aphyllanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphyllanthaceae">Aphyllanthaceae</a>, <a href="Hesperocallidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesperocallidaceae">Hesperocallidaceae</a>, <a href="Hyacinthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyacinthaceae">Hyacinthaceae</a>, <a href="Laxmanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmanniaceae">Laxmanniaceae</a>, <a href="Ruscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruscaceae">Ruscaceae</a>, <a href="Themidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Themidaceae">Themidaceae</a>, <a href="Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a>, <a href="Hemerocallidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemerocallidaceae">Hemerocallidaceae</a>, <a href="Kingdoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdoniaceae">Kingdoniaceae</a>, <a href="Fumariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fumariaceae">Fumariaceae</a>, <a href="Pteridophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridophyllaceae">Pteridophyllaceae</a>, <a href="Didymelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Didymelaceae">Didymelaceae</a>, <a href="Tetracentraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracentraceae">Tetracentraceae</a>, <a href="Pterostemonaceae" title="Pterostemonaceae">Pterostemonaceae</a>, Hypseocharitaceae, <a href="Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a>, <a href="Memecylaceae" title="Memecylaceae">Memecylaceae</a>, Lepuropetalaceae, <a href="Rhoipteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhoipteleaceae">Rhoipteleaceae</a>, <a href="Medusagynaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Medusagynaceae">Medusagynaceae</a>, <a href="Quiinaceae" title="Quiinaceae">Quiinaceae</a>, <a href="Malesherbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malesherbiaceae">Malesherbiaceae</a>, <a href="Turneraceae" title="Turneraceae">Turneraceae</a>, <a href="Bretschneideraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretschneideraceae">Bretschneideraceae</a>, <a href="Diegodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Diegodendraceae">Diegodendraceae</a>, <a href="Cochlospermaceae" title="Cochlospermaceae">Cochlospermaceae</a>, Peganaceae, Tetradiclidaceae, <a href="Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a>, <a href="Ternstroemiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ternstroemiaceae">Ternstroemiaceae</a>, <a href="Pellicieraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellicieraceae">Pellicieraceae</a>, Aucubaceae, <a href="Donatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Donatiaceae">Donatiaceae</a>, <a href="Lobeliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobeliaceae">Lobeliaceae</a>, <a href="Desfontainiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Desfontainiaceae">Desfontainiaceae</a>, <a href="Diervillaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Diervillaceae">Diervillaceae</a>, <a href="Dipsacaceae" title="Dipsacaceae">Dipsacaceae</a>, <a href="Linnaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnaeaceae">Linnaeaceae</a>, <a href="Morinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Morinaceae">Morinaceae</a>, and <a href="Valerianaceae" title="Valerianaceae">Valerianaceae</a>.</dd></dl>
<p>The other discontinued families were:
</p>
<dl><dd><a href="Limnocharitaceae" title="Limnocharitaceae">Limnocharitaceae</a>, <a href="Luzuriagaceae" title="Luzuriagaceae">Luzuriagaceae</a>, <a href="Sparganiaceae" title="Sparganiaceae">Sparganiaceae</a>, <a href="Ixerbaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixerbaceae">Ixerbaceae</a>, <a href="Ledocarpaceae" title="Ledocarpaceae">Ledocarpaceae</a>, <a href="Heteropyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteropyxidaceae">Heteropyxidaceae</a>, <a href="Psiloxylaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Psiloxylaceae">Psiloxylaceae</a>, <a href="Oliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliniaceae">Oliniaceae</a>, <a href="Rhynchocalycaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchocalycaceae">Rhynchocalycaceae</a>, <a href="Parnassiaceae" title="Parnassiaceae">Parnassiaceae</a>, <a href="Maesaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesaceae">Maesaceae</a>, <a href="Myrsinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrsinaceae">Myrsinaceae</a>, <a href="Theophrastaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophrastaceae">Theophrastaceae</a>, <a href="Eremosynaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eremosynaceae">Eremosynaceae</a>, <a href="Polyosmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyosmaceae">Polyosmaceae</a>, <a href="Tribelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribelaceae">Tribelaceae</a>, <a href="Sphenostemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenostemonaceae">Sphenostemonaceae</a>, <a href="Aralidiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aralidiaceae">Aralidiaceae</a>, <a href="Mackinlayaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mackinlayaceae">Mackinlayaceae</a>, and <a href="Melanophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanophyllaceae">Melanophyllaceae</a>.</dd></dl>
<p>21 families were accepted in the APG III system which had not been in the previous system, and a few families were moved to a different position. The newly recognized families are:
</p>
<dl><dd><a href="Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a>, <a href="Haptanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Haptanthaceae">Haptanthaceae</a>, <a href="Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a>, <a href="Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a>, <a href="Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a>, <a href="Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a>, <a href="Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a>, <a href="Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a>, <a href="Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a>, <a href="Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a>, <a href="Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a>, <a href="Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a>, <a href="Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a>, <a href="Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a>, <a href="Capparidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Capparidaceae">Capparidaceae</a>, <a href="Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a>, <a href="Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a>, <a href="Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a>, <a href="Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a>, <a href="Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a>, and <a href="Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a>.</dd></dl>
<p>The number of families not placed in any order was reduced from 39 to 10. <a href="Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a> and <a href="Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a> were placed among the <a href="Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a>, <a href="Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a>, that is, not in any group within the angiosperms. Eight other families were placed incertae sedis in various <a href="Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">supra-ordinal</a> groups within the angiosperms. The families not placed in any order were:
</p>
<dl><dd><a href="Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a>, <a href="Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a>, <a href="Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a>, <a href="Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a>, <a href="Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a>, <a href="Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a>, <a href="Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a>, <a href="Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a>, <a href="Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a>, and <a href="Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a>.</dd></dl>
<p>The paragraph below shows the number of families in each order and the placement of those families that were not included in any order. These figures were produced by simply counting the families in the text of the paper that established APG III.<sup id="cite_ref-apgiii_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apgiii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>ORDERS: Amborellales (1), Nymphaeales (3), Austrobaileyales (3), Chloranthales (1), Canellales (2), Piperales (5),
Magnoliales (6), Laurales (7), Acorales (1), Alismatales (13), Petrosaviales (1), Dioscoreales (3), Pandanales (5), Liliales (10), Asparagales (14), Arecales (1), Poales (16), Commelinales (5), Zingiberales (8), Ceratophyllales (1), Ranunculales (7),
Proteales (3), Trochodendrales (1), Buxales (2), Gunnerales (2), Saxifragales (14), Vitales (1), Zygophyllales (2),
Celastrales (2), Oxalidales (7), Malpighiales (35), Fabales (4), Rosales (9), Fagales (7), Cucurbitales (7), Geraniales (3), Myrtales (9), Crossosomatales (7), Picramniales (1), Sapindales (9), Huerteales (3), Brassicales (17), Malvales (10), Berberidopsidales (2), Santalales (7), Caryophyllales (34), Cornales (6), Ericales (22), Garryales (2), Gentianales (5),
Solanales (5), Lamiales (23), Aquifoliales (5), Asterales (11), Escalloniales (1), Bruniales (2), Apiales (7), Paracryphiales (1), Dipsacales (2).
</p><p>SUPRA-ORDINAL GROUPS: commelinids (1), basal eudicots (1), Pentapetalae (1), lamiids incertae sedis (3), core lamiids (2), angiosperms incertae sedis (2).
</p><p>The <a href="Circumscription_(taxonomy)" title="Circumscription (taxonomy)">circumscription</a> of the family Icacinaceae remains especially doubtful. <i><a href="Apodytes" title="Apodytes">Apodytes</a></i> and its close relative, <a href="Rhaphiostylis" title="Rhaphiostylis">Rhaphiostylis</a>, as well as <i><a href="Emmotum" title="Emmotum">Emmotum</a></i>, <i><a href="Cassinopsis" title="Cassinopsis">Cassinopsis</a></i>, and a few other <a href="Genera" class="mw-redirect" title="Genera">genera</a> were provisionally retained within it until further <a href="Research" title="Research">studies</a> can determine whether they properly belong there.
</p><p>Three genera (<i><a href="Gumillea" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumillea">Gumillea</a></i>, <i><a href="Nicobariodendron" title="Nicobariodendron">Nicobariodendron</a></i>, and <i><a href="Petenaea" title="Petenaea">Petenaea</a></i>) were placed within the angiosperms incertae sedis. <i>Gumillea</i> had been <a href="Unplaced_in_APG_II" title="Unplaced in APG II">unplaced in APG II</a>. <i>Nicobariodendron</i> and <i>Petenaea</i> were newly added to the list. The latter was later placed into its own family <a href="Petenaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petenaeaceae">Petenaeaceae</a> in the order <a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The classification is shown below in two versions. The short version goes to the level of orders and of families unplaced in an order. The detailed version shows all the families. Orders at the same level in the classification are arranged alphabetically. Note that orders may not contain the same families as in earlier versions of the APG system (<a href="APG_system" title="APG system">APG system</a>, <a href="APG_II_system" title="APG II system">APG II system</a>). Further detail on relationships can be seen in the phylogenetic tree below.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Short_version">Short version</h2></div>
<ul><li>clade <b><a href="Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">magnoliids</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">monocots</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Commelinids" title="Commelinids">commelinids</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>family <a href="Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd></dl></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>probable sister of eudicots
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>family <a href="Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd></dl></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">core eudicots</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>family <a href="Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd></dl></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Rosids" title="Rosids">rosids</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">fabids</a></b> (<a href="Eurosids_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosids I">eurosids I</a>)
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">malvids</a></b> (<a href="Eurosids_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosids II">eurosids II</a>)
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>(back to core eudicots)
<dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Asterids" title="Asterids">asterids</a></b>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">lamiids</a></b> (<a href="Euasterids_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Euasterids I">euasterids I</a>)
<dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>family <a href="Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd>
<dd>family <a href="Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd>
<dd>family <a href="Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd>
<dd>family <a href="Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd>
<dd>family <a href="Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a>—unplaced in an order</dd></dl></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd>
<dd>clade <b><a href="Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">campanulids</a></b> (<a href="Euasterids_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Euasterids II">euasterids II</a>)
<dl><dd><dl><dd><dl><dd>order <a href="Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a></dd>
<dd>order <a href="Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Detailed_version">Detailed version</h2></div>
<p>Legend:
</p><p><b>*</b> = new family placement;<br>
<b>†</b> = newly recognized order for the APG system;<br>
<b>§</b> = new family circumscription described in the text;<br>
<b>$</b> = families that represent the broader circumscription of options available in APG II and favoured here;<br>
<b>$$</b> = families that were in square brackets in APG II, the narrower circumscriptions favoured here.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Angiosperms"><a href="Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">Angiosperms</a></h3></div>
<ul><li>†<a href="Amborellales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellales">Amborellales</a> <small>Melikyan, A.V.Bobrov & Zaytzeva</small>
<ul><li><a href="Amborellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amborellaceae">Amborellaceae</a> <small>Pichon</small></li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Nymphaeales" title="Nymphaeales">Nymphaeales</a> <small>Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li>$$<a href="Cabombaceae" title="Cabombaceae">Cabombaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex A.Rich.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Hydatellaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydatellaceae">Hydatellaceae</a> <small>U.Hamann</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Nymphaeaceae" title="Nymphaeaceae">Nymphaeaceae</a> <small>Salisb.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Austrobaileyales" title="Austrobaileyales">Austrobaileyales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li><a href="Austrobaileyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrobaileyaceae">Austrobaileyaceae</a> <small>Croizat</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Schisandraceae" title="Schisandraceae">Schisandraceae</a> <small>Blume</small> (including <a href="Illiciaceae" title="Illiciaceae">Illiciaceae</a> <small>A.C.Sm.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Trimeniaceae" title="Trimeniaceae">Trimeniaceae</a> <small>L.S.Gibbs</small></li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Chloranthales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloranthales">Chloranthales</a> <small>R.Br.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Chloranthaceae" title="Chloranthaceae">Chloranthaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Sims</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnoliids"><a href="Magnoliids" title="Magnoliids">Magnoliids</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Canellales" title="Canellales">Canellales</a> <small>Cronquist</small>
<ul><li><a href="Canellaceae" title="Canellaceae">Canellaceae</a> <small>Mart.</small></li>
<li><a href="Winteraceae" title="Winteraceae">Winteraceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Lindl.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Piperales" title="Piperales">Piperales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Aristolochiaceae" title="Aristolochiaceae">Aristolochiaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydnoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydnoraceae">Hydnoraceae</a> <small>C.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Lactoridaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lactoridaceae">Lactoridaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Piperaceae" title="Piperaceae">Piperaceae</a> <small>Giseke</small></li>
<li><a href="Saururaceae" title="Saururaceae">Saururaceae</a> <small>F.Voigt</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Atherospermataceae" title="Atherospermataceae">Atherospermataceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Calycanthaceae" title="Calycanthaceae">Calycanthaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Gomortegaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomortegaceae">Gomortegaceae</a> <small>Reiche</small></li>
<li><a href="Hernandiaceae" title="Hernandiaceae">Hernandiaceae</a> <small>Blume</small></li>
<li><a href="Lauraceae" title="Lauraceae">Lauraceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Monimiaceae" title="Monimiaceae">Monimiaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Siparunaceae" title="Siparunaceae">Siparunaceae</a> <small>Schodde</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Annonaceae" title="Annonaceae">Annonaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Degeneriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Degeneriaceae">Degeneriaceae</a> <small>I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm.</small></li>
<li><a href="Eupomatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupomatiaceae">Eupomatiaceae</a> <small>Orb.</small></li>
<li><a href="Himantandraceae" title="Himantandraceae">Himantandraceae</a> <small>Diels</small></li>
<li><a href="Magnoliaceae" title="Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Myristicaceae" title="Myristicaceae">Myristicaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monocots"><a href="Monocots" class="mw-redirect" title="Monocots">Monocots</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Acorales" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorales">Acorales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Acoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoraceae">Acoraceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li>§<a href="Alismataceae" title="Alismataceae">Alismataceae</a> <small>Vent.</small> (including <a href="Limnocharitaceae" title="Limnocharitaceae">Limnocharitaceae</a> <small>Takht. ex Cronquist</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Aponogetonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aponogetonaceae">Aponogetonaceae</a> <small>Planch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Araceae" title="Araceae">Araceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Butomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Butomaceae">Butomaceae</a> <small>Mirb.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cymodoceaceae" title="Cymodoceaceae">Cymodoceaceae</a> <small>Vines</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydrocharitaceae" title="Hydrocharitaceae">Hydrocharitaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Juncaginaceae" title="Juncaginaceae">Juncaginaceae</a> <small>Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Posidoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Posidoniaceae">Posidoniaceae</a> <small>Vines</small></li>
<li><a href="Potamogetonaceae" title="Potamogetonaceae">Potamogetonaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li>
<li><a href="Ruppiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruppiaceae">Ruppiaceae</a> <small>Horan.</small></li>
<li><a href="Scheuchzeriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheuchzeriaceae">Scheuchzeriaceae</a> <small>F.Rudolphi</small></li>
<li><a href="Tofieldiaceae" title="Tofieldiaceae">Tofieldiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Zosteraceae" title="Zosteraceae">Zosteraceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a> <small>Takht.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Petrosaviaceae" title="Petrosaviaceae">Petrosaviaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a> <small>R.Br.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Burmanniaceae" title="Burmanniaceae">Burmanniaceae</a> <small>Blume</small></li>
<li><a href="Dioscoreaceae" title="Dioscoreaceae">Dioscoreaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Nartheciaceae" title="Nartheciaceae">Nartheciaceae</a> <small>Fr. ex Bjurzon</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Cyclanthaceae" title="Cyclanthaceae">Cyclanthaceae</a> <small>Poit. ex A.Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pandanaceae" title="Pandanaceae">Pandanaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Stemonaceae" title="Stemonaceae">Stemonaceae</a> <small>Caruel</small></li>
<li><a href="Triuridaceae" title="Triuridaceae">Triuridaceae</a> <small>Gardner</small></li>
<li><a href="Velloziaceae" title="Velloziaceae">Velloziaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a> <small>Perleb</small>
<ul><li>§<a href="Alstroemeriaceae" title="Alstroemeriaceae">Alstroemeriaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small> (including <a href="Luzuriagaceae" title="Luzuriagaceae">Luzuriagaceae</a> <small>Lotsy</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Campynemataceae" title="Campynemataceae">Campynemataceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Colchicaceae" title="Colchicaceae">Colchicaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li>
<li><a href="Corsiaceae" title="Corsiaceae">Corsiaceae</a> <small><a href="Odoardo_Beccari" title="Odoardo Beccari">Becc.</a></small></li>
<li><a href="Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Melanthiaceae" title="Melanthiaceae">Melanthiaceae</a> <small>Batsch ex Borkh.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Petermanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Petermanniaceae">Petermanniaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Philesiaceae" title="Philesiaceae">Philesiaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ripogonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ripogonaceae">Ripogonaceae</a> <small>Conran & Clifford</small></li>
<li><a href="Smilacaceae" title="Smilacaceae">Smilacaceae</a> <small>Vent.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li>$<a href="Amaryllidaceae" title="Amaryllidaceae">Amaryllidaceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil.</small> (including <a href="Agapanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agapanthaceae">Agapanthaceae</a> <small>F.Voigt</small>, <a href="Alliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alliaceae">Alliaceae</a> <small>Borkh.</small>)</li>
<li>$<a href="Asparagaceae" title="Asparagaceae">Asparagaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Agavaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Agavaceae">Agavaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small>, <a href="Aphyllanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphyllanthaceae">Aphyllanthaceae</a> <small>Burnett</small>, <a href="Hesperocallidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesperocallidaceae">Hesperocallidaceae</a> <small>Traub</small>, <a href="Hyacinthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyacinthaceae">Hyacinthaceae</a> <small>Batsch ex Borkh.</small>, <a href="Laxmanniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Laxmanniaceae">Laxmanniaceae</a> <small>Bubani</small>, <a href="Ruscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruscaceae">Ruscaceae</a> <small>M.Roem.</small>, <a href="Themidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Themidaceae">Themidaceae</a> <small>Salisb.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Asteliaceae" title="Asteliaceae">Asteliaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Blandfordiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Blandfordiaceae">Blandfordiaceae</a> <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small></li>
<li><a href="Boryaceae" title="Boryaceae">Boryaceae</a> <small>M.W.Chase, Rudall & Conran</small></li>
<li><a href="Doryanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Doryanthaceae">Doryanthaceae</a> <small>R.Dahlgren & Clifford</small></li>
<li><a href="Hypoxidaceae" title="Hypoxidaceae">Hypoxidaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Iridaceae" title="Iridaceae">Iridaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ixioliriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixioliriaceae">Ixioliriaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Lanariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanariaceae">Lanariaceae</a> <small>R.Dahlgren & A.E.van Wyk</small></li>
<li><a href="Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">Orchidaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tecophilaeaceae" title="Tecophilaeaceae">Tecophilaeaceae</a> <small>Leyb.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Xanthorrhoeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthorrhoeaceae">Xanthorrhoeaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small> (including <a href="Asphodelaceae" title="Asphodelaceae">Asphodelaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> and <a href="Hemerocallidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemerocallidaceae">Hemerocallidaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Xeronemataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xeronemataceae">Xeronemataceae</a> <small>M.W.Chase, Rudall & M.F.Fay</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commelinids"><a href="Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li><a href="Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Arecaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a> <small>Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Commelinaceae" title="Commelinaceae">Commelinaceae</a> <small>Mirb.</small></li>
<li><a href="Haemodoraceae" title="Haemodoraceae">Haemodoraceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hanguanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanguanaceae">Hanguanaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Philydraceae" title="Philydraceae">Philydraceae</a> <small>Link</small></li>
<li><a href="Pontederiaceae" title="Pontederiaceae">Pontederiaceae</a> <small>Kunth</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> <small>Small</small>
<ul><li><a href="Anarthriaceae" title="Anarthriaceae">Anarthriaceae</a> <small>D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Bromeliaceae" title="Bromeliaceae">Bromeliaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Centrolepidaceae" title="Centrolepidaceae">Centrolepidaceae</a> <small>Endl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cyperaceae" title="Cyperaceae">Cyperaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ecdeiocoleaceae" title="Ecdeiocoleaceae">Ecdeiocoleaceae</a> <small>D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Eriocaulaceae" title="Eriocaulaceae">Eriocaulaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li><a href="Flagellariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagellariaceae">Flagellariaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Joinvilleaceae" title="Joinvilleaceae">Joinvilleaceae</a> <small>Toml. & A.C.Sm.</small></li>
<li><a href="Juncaceae" title="Juncaceae">Juncaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Mayacaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayacaceae">Mayacaceae</a> <small>Kunth</small></li>
<li><a href="Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> <small>Barnhart</small></li>
<li><a href="Rapateaceae" title="Rapateaceae">Rapateaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Restionaceae" title="Restionaceae">Restionaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Thurniaceae" title="Thurniaceae">Thurniaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Typhaceae" title="Typhaceae">Typhaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Sparganiaceae" title="Sparganiaceae">Sparganiaceae</a> <small>Hanin</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Xyridaceae" title="Xyridaceae">Xyridaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a> <small>Griseb.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Cannaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannaceae">Cannaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Costaceae" title="Costaceae">Costaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Heliconiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliconiaceae">Heliconiaceae</a> <small>Vines</small></li>
<li><a href="Lowiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowiaceae">Lowiaceae</a> <small>Ridl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Marantaceae" title="Marantaceae">Marantaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Musaceae" title="Musaceae">Musaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Strelitziaceae" title="Strelitziaceae">Strelitziaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Probable_sister_of_eudicots">Probable sister of <a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">eudicots</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Ceratophyllaceae" title="Ceratophyllaceae">Ceratophyllaceae</a> <small>Gray</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eudicots"><a href="Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Berberidaceae" title="Berberidaceae">Berberidaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Circaeasteraceae" title="Circaeasteraceae">Circaeasteraceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small> (including <a href="Kingdoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdoniaceae">Kingdoniaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Eupteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eupteleaceae">Eupteleaceae</a> <small>K.Wilh.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lardizabalaceae" title="Lardizabalaceae">Lardizabalaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Menispermaceae" title="Menispermaceae">Menispermaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Papaveraceae" title="Papaveraceae">Papaveraceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Fumariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fumariaceae">Fumariaceae</a> <small>Marquis</small>, <a href="Pteridophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridophyllaceae">Pteridophyllaceae</a> <small>Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Sabiaceae" title="Sabiaceae">Sabiaceae</a> <small>Blume</small></li>
<li><a href="Proteales" title="Proteales">Proteales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Nelumbonaceae" title="Nelumbonaceae">Nelumbonaceae</a> <small>A.Rich.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Platanaceae" title="Platanaceae">Platanaceae</a> <small>T.Lestib.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Proteaceae" title="Proteaceae">Proteaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Trochodendrales" class="mw-redirect" title="Trochodendrales">Trochodendrales</a> <small>Takht. ex Cronquist</small>
<ul><li>$<a href="Trochodendraceae" title="Trochodendraceae">Trochodendraceae</a> <small>Eichler</small> (including <a href="Tetracentraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracentraceae">Tetracentraceae</a> <small>A.C.Sm.</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Buxales" title="Buxales">Buxales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li>$<a href="Buxaceae" title="Buxaceae">Buxaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small> (including <a href="Didymelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Didymelaceae">Didymelaceae</a> <small>Leandri</small>)</li>
<li>*<a href="Haptanthus" title="Haptanthus">Haptanthaceae</a> <small>C.Nelson</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Core_eudicots"><a href="Core_eudicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Core eudicots">Core eudicots</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Gunnerales" title="Gunnerales">Gunnerales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li>$$<a href="Gunneraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunneraceae">Gunneraceae</a> <small><a href="Carl_Meissner" title="Carl Meissner">Meisn.</a></small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Myrothamnaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrothamnaceae">Myrothamnaceae</a> <small>Nied.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Dilleniaceae" title="Dilleniaceae">Dilleniaceae</a> <small>Salisb.</small></li>
<li><a href="Saxifragales" title="Saxifragales">Saxifragales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Altingiaceae" title="Altingiaceae">Altingiaceae</a> <small>Horan.</small></li>
<li><a href="Aphanopetalaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanopetalaceae">Aphanopetalaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li>
<li><a href="Cercidiphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cercidiphyllaceae">Cercidiphyllaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Crassulaceae" title="Crassulaceae">Crassulaceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil.</small></li>
<li><a href="Daphniphyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Daphniphyllaceae">Daphniphyllaceae</a> <small>Müll.-Arg.</small></li>
<li><a href="Grossulariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossulariaceae">Grossulariaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Haloragaceae" title="Haloragaceae">Haloragaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hamamelidaceae" title="Hamamelidaceae">Hamamelidaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Iteaceae" title="Iteaceae">Iteaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small> (including <a href="Pterostemonaceae" title="Pterostemonaceae">Pterostemonaceae</a> <small>Small</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Paeoniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Paeoniaceae">Paeoniaceae</a> <small>Raf.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Penthoraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Penthoraceae">Penthoraceae</a> <small>Rydb. ex Britt.</small></li>
<li>*§<a href="Peridiscaceae" title="Peridiscaceae">Peridiscaceae</a> <small>Kuhlm.</small> (including <a href="Medusandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Medusandraceae">Medusandraceae</a> <small>Brenan, Soyauxia Oliver</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Saxifragaceae" title="Saxifragaceae">Saxifragaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Tetracarpaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetracarpaeaceae">Tetracarpaeaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a> <small>Doweld</small>
<ul><li><a href="Aextoxicaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aextoxicaceae">Aextoxicaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg</small></li>
<li><a href="Berberidopsidaceae" title="Berberidopsidaceae">Berberidopsidaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a> <small>R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li>*<a href="Balanophoraceae" title="Balanophoraceae">Balanophoraceae</a> <small>Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Loranthaceae" title="Loranthaceae">Loranthaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Misodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Misodendraceae">Misodendraceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Santalaceae" title="Santalaceae">Santalaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Olacaceae" title="Olacaceae">Olacaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Opiliaceae" title="Opiliaceae">Opiliaceae</a> <small>Valeton</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Schoepfiaceae" title="Schoepfiaceae">Schoepfiaceae</a> <small>Blume</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Achatocarpaceae" title="Achatocarpaceae">Achatocarpaceae</a> <small>Heimerl</small></li>
<li><a href="Aizoaceae" title="Aizoaceae">Aizoaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li><a href="Amaranthaceae" title="Amaranthaceae">Amaranthaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Anacampserotaceae" title="Anacampserotaceae">Anacampserotaceae</a> <small>Eggli & Nyffeler</small></li>
<li><a href="Ancistrocladaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancistrocladaceae">Ancistrocladaceae</a> <small>Planch. ex Walp.</small></li>
<li><a href="Asteropeiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteropeiaceae">Asteropeiaceae</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland</small></li>
<li><a href="Barbeuiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeuiaceae">Barbeuiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Basellaceae" title="Basellaceae">Basellaceae</a> <small>Raf.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cactaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Caryophyllaceae" title="Caryophyllaceae">Caryophyllaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Didiereaceae" title="Didiereaceae">Didiereaceae</a> <small>Radlk.</small></li>
<li><a href="Dioncophyllaceae" title="Dioncophyllaceae">Dioncophyllaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Droseraceae" title="Droseraceae">Droseraceae</a> <small>Salisb.</small></li>
<li><a href="Drosophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Drosophyllaceae">Drosophyllaceae</a> <small>Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka</small></li>
<li><a href="Frankeniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankeniaceae">Frankeniaceae</a> <small>Desv.</small></li>
<li><a href="Gisekiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gisekiaceae">Gisekiaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Halophytaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Halophytaceae">Halophytaceae</a> <small>A.Soriano</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Limeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Limeaceae">Limeaceae</a> <small>Shipunov ex Reveal</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Lophiocarpaceae" title="Lophiocarpaceae">Lophiocarpaceae</a> <small>Doweld & Reveal</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Molluginaceae" title="Molluginaceae">Molluginaceae</a> <small>Bartl.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Montiaceae" title="Montiaceae">Montiaceae</a> <small>Raf.</small></li>
<li><a href="Nepenthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepenthaceae">Nepenthaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Nyctaginaceae" title="Nyctaginaceae">Nyctaginaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Physenaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Physenaceae">Physenaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Phytolaccaceae" title="Phytolaccaceae">Phytolaccaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Plumbaginaceae" title="Plumbaginaceae">Plumbaginaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Polygonaceae" title="Polygonaceae">Polygonaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Portulacaceae" title="Portulacaceae">Portulacaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rhabdodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdodendraceae">Rhabdodendraceae</a> <small>Prance</small></li>
<li><a href="Sarcobataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcobataceae">Sarcobataceae</a> <small>Behnke</small></li>
<li><a href="Simmondsiaceae" title="Simmondsiaceae">Simmondsiaceae</a> <small>Tiegh.</small></li>
<li><a href="Stegnospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stegnospermataceae">Stegnospermataceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Talinaceae" title="Talinaceae">Talinaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li>
<li><a href="Tamaricaceae" title="Tamaricaceae">Tamaricaceae</a> <small>Link</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rosids"><a href="Rosids" title="Rosids">Rosids</a></h3></div>
<ul><li>†<a href="Vitales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitales">Vitales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Vitaceae" title="Vitaceae">Vitaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fabids_(eurosids_I)"><a href="Fabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabids">Fabids</a> (<a href="Eurosids_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosids I">eurosids I</a>)</h3></div>
<ul><li>†<a href="Zygophyllales" title="Zygophyllales">Zygophyllales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li>$$<a href="Krameriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Krameriaceae">Krameriaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Zygophyllaceae" title="Zygophyllaceae">Zygophyllaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li>$<a href="Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small> (including Lepuropetalaceae <small>Nakai</small>, <a href="Parnassiaceae" title="Parnassiaceae">Parnassiaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small>, Pottingeriaceae <small>Takht.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Lepidobotryaceae" title="Lepidobotryaceae">Lepidobotryaceae</a> <small>J.Léonard</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Brunelliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelliaceae">Brunelliaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cephalotaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalotaceae">Cephalotaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Connaraceae" title="Connaraceae">Connaraceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cunoniaceae" title="Cunoniaceae">Cunoniaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Elaeocarpaceae" title="Elaeocarpaceae">Elaeocarpaceae</a> <small>Juss. ex DC.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Huaceae" title="Huaceae">Huaceae</a> <small>A.Chev.</small></li>
<li><a href="Oxalidaceae" title="Oxalidaceae">Oxalidaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Achariaceae" title="Achariaceae">Achariaceae</a> <small>Harms</small></li>
<li><a href="Balanopaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanopaceae">Balanopaceae</a> <small>Benth. & Hook.f.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bonnetiaceae" title="Bonnetiaceae">Bonnetiaceae</a> <small>L.Beauvis. ex Nakai</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Calophyllaceae" title="Calophyllaceae">Calophyllaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Caryocaraceae" title="Caryocaraceae">Caryocaraceae</a> <small>Voigt</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Centroplacaceae" title="Centroplacaceae">Centroplacaceae</a> <small>Doweld & Reveal</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Chrysobalanaceae" title="Chrysobalanaceae">Chrysobalanaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Clusiaceae" title="Clusiaceae">Clusiaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ctenolophonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctenolophonaceae">Ctenolophonaceae</a> <small>Exell & Mendonça</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Dichapetalaceae" title="Dichapetalaceae">Dichapetalaceae</a> <small>Baill.</small></li>
<li><a href="Elatinaceae" title="Elatinaceae">Elatinaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li>$$§<a href="Erythroxylaceae" title="Erythroxylaceae">Erythroxylaceae</a> <small>Kunth</small> (including <i><a href="Aneulophus" title="Aneulophus">Aneulophus</a></i> <small>Benth.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Euphorbiaceae" title="Euphorbiaceae">Euphorbiaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Euphroniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphroniaceae">Euphroniaceae</a> <small>Marc.-Berti</small></li>
<li><a href="Goupiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Goupiaceae">Goupiaceae</a> <small>Miers</small></li>
<li><a href="Humiriaceae" title="Humiriaceae">Humiriaceae</a> <small>A.Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hypericaceae" title="Hypericaceae">Hypericaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Irvingiaceae" title="Irvingiaceae">Irvingiaceae</a> <small>Exell & Mendonça</small></li>
<li><a href="Ixonanthaceae" title="Ixonanthaceae">Ixonanthaceae</a> <small>Planch. ex Miq.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lacistemataceae" title="Lacistemataceae">Lacistemataceae</a> <small>Mart.</small></li>
<li><a href="Linaceae" title="Linaceae">Linaceae</a> <small>DC. ex Perleb</small></li>
<li><a href="Lophopyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lophopyxidaceae">Lophopyxidaceae</a> <small>H.Pfeiff.</small></li>
<li><a href="Malpighiaceae" title="Malpighiaceae">Malpighiaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Ochnaceae" title="Ochnaceae">Ochnaceae</a> <small>DC.</small> (including <a href="Medusagynaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Medusagynaceae">Medusagynaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg</small>, <a href="Quiinaceae" title="Quiinaceae">Quiinaceae</a> <small>Choisy</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Pandaceae" title="Pandaceae">Pandaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Passifloraceae" title="Passifloraceae">Passifloraceae</a> <small>Juss. ex Roussel</small> (including <a href="Malesherbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Malesherbiaceae">Malesherbiaceae</a> <small>D.Don</small>, <a href="Turneraceae" title="Turneraceae">Turneraceae</a> <small>Kunth ex DC.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Phyllanthaceae" title="Phyllanthaceae">Phyllanthaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li><a href="Picrodendraceae" title="Picrodendraceae">Picrodendraceae</a> <small>Small</small></li>
<li><a href="Podostemaceae" title="Podostemaceae">Podostemaceae</a> <small>Rich. ex Kunth</small></li>
<li><a href="Putranjivaceae" title="Putranjivaceae">Putranjivaceae</a> <small>Meisn.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Rafflesiaceae" title="Rafflesiaceae">Rafflesiaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Rhizophoraceae" title="Rhizophoraceae">Rhizophoraceae</a> <small>Pers.</small></li>
<li><a href="Salicaceae" title="Salicaceae">Salicaceae</a> <small>Mirb.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Trigoniaceae" title="Trigoniaceae">Trigoniaceae</a> <small>A.Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Violaceae" title="Violaceae">Violaceae</a> <small>Batsch</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Anisophylleaceae" title="Anisophylleaceae">Anisophylleaceae</a> <small>Ridl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Begoniaceae" title="Begoniaceae">Begoniaceae</a> <small>C.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Coriariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriariaceae">Coriariaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li>
<li><a href="Corynocarpaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corynocarpaceae">Corynocarpaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Cucurbitaceae" title="Cucurbitaceae">Cucurbitaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Datiscaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Datiscaceae">Datiscaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Tetramelaceae" title="Tetramelaceae">Tetramelaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li><a href="Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Polygalaceae" title="Polygalaceae">Polygalaceae</a> <small>Hoffmanns. & Link</small></li>
<li><a href="Quillajaceae" title="Quillajaceae">Quillajaceae</a> <small>D.Don</small></li>
<li><a href="Surianaceae" title="Surianaceae">Surianaceae</a> <small>Arn.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a> <small>Engl.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Betulaceae" title="Betulaceae">Betulaceae</a> <small>Gray</small></li>
<li><a href="Casuarinaceae" title="Casuarinaceae">Casuarinaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Fagaceae" title="Fagaceae">Fagaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a> <small>DC. ex Perleb</small> (including <a href="Rhoipteleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhoipteleaceae">Rhoipteleaceae</a> <small>Hand.-Mazz.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Myricaceae" title="Myricaceae">Myricaceae</a> <small>A.Rich. ex Kunth</small></li>
<li><a href="Nothofagaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nothofagaceae">Nothofagaceae</a> <small>Kuprian</small></li>
<li><a href="Ticodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticodendraceae">Ticodendraceae</a> <small>Gómez-Laur. & L.D.Gómez</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Barbeyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbeyaceae">Barbeyaceae</a> <small>Rendle</small></li>
<li><a href="Cannabaceae" title="Cannabaceae">Cannabaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li><a href="Dirachmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirachmaceae">Dirachmaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Elaeagnaceae" title="Elaeagnaceae">Elaeagnaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Moraceae" title="Moraceae">Moraceae</a> <small>Gaudich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rhamnaceae" title="Rhamnaceae">Rhamnaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rosaceae" title="Rosaceae">Rosaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ulmaceae" title="Ulmaceae">Ulmaceae</a> <small>Mirb.</small></li>
<li><a href="Urticaceae" title="Urticaceae">Urticaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="malvids_(eurosids_II)"><a href="Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">malvids</a> (<a href="Eurosids_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosids II">eurosids II</a>)</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li>$<a href="Geraniaceae" title="Geraniaceae">Geraniaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including Hypseocharitaceae <small>Wedd.</small>)</li>
<li>$<a href="Melianthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Melianthaceae">Melianthaceae</a> <small>Horan.</small> (including <a href="Francoaceae" title="Francoaceae">Francoaceae</a> <small>A.Juss.</small>)</li>
<li>§<a href="Vivianiaceae" title="Vivianiaceae">Vivianiaceae</a> <small>Klotzsch</small> (including <a href="Ledocarpaceae" title="Ledocarpaceae">Ledocarpaceae</a> <small>Meyen</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Alzateaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzateaceae">Alzateaceae</a> <small>S.A.Graham</small></li>
<li><a href="Combretaceae" title="Combretaceae">Combretaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Crypteroniaceae" title="Crypteroniaceae">Crypteroniaceae</a> <small>A.DC.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lythraceae" title="Lythraceae">Lythraceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Melastomataceae" title="Melastomataceae">Melastomataceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Memecylaceae" title="Memecylaceae">Memecylaceae</a> <small>DC.</small>)</li>
<li>§<a href="Myrtaceae" title="Myrtaceae">Myrtaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Heteropyxidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteropyxidaceae">Heteropyxidaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg</small>, <a href="Psiloxylaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Psiloxylaceae">Psiloxylaceae</a> <small>Croizat</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Onagraceae" title="Onagraceae">Onagraceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Penaeaceae" title="Penaeaceae">Penaeaceae</a> <small>Sweet ex Guill.</small> (including <a href="Oliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oliniaceae">Oliniaceae</a> <small>Arn.</small>, <a href="Rhynchocalycaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhynchocalycaceae">Rhynchocalycaceae</a> <small>L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Vochysiaceae" title="Vochysiaceae">Vochysiaceae</a> <small>A.St.-Hil.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li>*<a href="Aphloiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphloiaceae">Aphloiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Crossosomataceae" title="Crossosomataceae">Crossosomataceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Geissolomataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Geissolomataceae">Geissolomataceae</a> <small>A.DC.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Guamatelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamatelaceae">Guamatelaceae</a> <small>S.Oh & D.Potter</small></li>
<li><a href="Stachyuraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stachyuraceae">Stachyuraceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Staphyleaceae" title="Staphyleaceae">Staphyleaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li>*§<a href="Strasburgeriaceae" title="Strasburgeriaceae">Strasburgeriaceae</a> <small>Soler.</small> (including <a href="Ixerbaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ixerbaceae">Ixerbaceae</a> <small>Griseb. ex Doweld & Reveal</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a> <small>Doweld</small>
<ul><li>*<a href="Picramniaceae" title="Picramniaceae">Picramniaceae</a> <small>Fernando & Quinn</small></li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a> <small>Doweld</small>
<ul><li>*<a href="Dipentodontaceae" title="Dipentodontaceae">Dipentodontaceae</a> <small>Merr.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Gerrardinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrardinaceae">Gerrardinaceae</a> <small>Alford</small></li>
<li><a href="Tapisciaceae" title="Tapisciaceae">Tapisciaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li>$<a href="Akaniaceae" title="Akaniaceae">Akaniaceae</a> <small>Stapf</small> (including <a href="Bretschneideraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bretschneideraceae">Bretschneideraceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Bataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataceae">Bataceae</a> <small>Mart. ex Perleb</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Brassicaceae" title="Brassicaceae">Brassicaceae</a> <small>Burnett</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Capparaceae" title="Capparaceae">Capparaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Caricaceae" title="Caricaceae">Caricaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Cleomaceae" title="Cleomaceae">Cleomaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li>
<li><a href="Emblingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblingiaceae">Emblingiaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Gyrostemonaceae" title="Gyrostemonaceae">Gyrostemonaceae</a> <small>A.Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Koeberliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Koeberliniaceae">Koeberliniaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Limnanthaceae" title="Limnanthaceae">Limnanthaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Moringaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Moringaceae">Moringaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li><a href="Pentadiplandraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentadiplandraceae">Pentadiplandraceae</a> <small>Hutch. & Dalziel</small></li>
<li><a href="Resedaceae" title="Resedaceae">Resedaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li><a href="Salvadoraceae" title="Salvadoraceae">Salvadoraceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Setchellanthaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Setchellanthaceae">Setchellanthaceae</a> <small>Iltis</small></li>
<li><a href="Tovariaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tovariaceae">Tovariaceae</a> <small>Pax</small></li>
<li><a href="Tropaeolaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropaeolaceae">Tropaeolaceae</a> <small>Juss. ex DC.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li>$<a href="Bixaceae" title="Bixaceae">Bixaceae</a> <small>Kunth</small> (including <a href="Cochlospermaceae" title="Cochlospermaceae">Cochlospermaceae</a> <small>Planch.</small>, <a href="Diegodendraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Diegodendraceae">Diegodendraceae</a> <small>Capuron</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Cistaceae" title="Cistaceae">Cistaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Cytinaceae" title="Cytinaceae">Cytinaceae</a> <small>A.Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Dipterocarpaceae" title="Dipterocarpaceae">Dipterocarpaceae</a> <small>Blume</small></li>
<li><a href="Malvaceae" title="Malvaceae">Malvaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Muntingiaceae" title="Muntingiaceae">Muntingiaceae</a> <small>C.Bayer, M.W.Chase & M.F.Fay</small></li>
<li><a href="Neuradaceae" title="Neuradaceae">Neuradaceae</a> <small>Kostel.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sarcolaenaceae" title="Sarcolaenaceae">Sarcolaenaceae</a> <small>Caruel</small></li>
<li><a href="Sphaerosepalaceae" title="Sphaerosepalaceae">Sphaerosepalaceae</a> <small>Tiegh. ex Bullock</small></li>
<li><a href="Thymelaeaceae" title="Thymelaeaceae">Thymelaeaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Anacardiaceae" title="Anacardiaceae">Anacardiaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Biebersteiniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Biebersteiniaceae">Biebersteiniaceae</a> <small>Schnizl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Burseraceae" title="Burseraceae">Burseraceae</a> <small>Kunth</small></li>
<li><a href="Kirkiaceae" title="Kirkiaceae">Kirkiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Meliaceae" title="Meliaceae">Meliaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Nitrariaceae" title="Nitrariaceae">Nitrariaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small> (including Peganaceae <small>Tiegh. ex Takht.</small>, Tetradiclidaceae <small>Takht.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Rutaceae" title="Rutaceae">Rutaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sapindaceae" title="Sapindaceae">Sapindaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Simaroubaceae" title="Simaroubaceae">Simaroubaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asterids"><a href="Asterids" title="Asterids">Asterids</a></h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a> <small>Link.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Cornaceae" title="Cornaceae">Cornaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small> (including <a href="Nyssaceae" title="Nyssaceae">Nyssaceae</a> <small>Juss. ex Dumort.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Curtisiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtisiaceae">Curtisiaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Grubbiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Grubbiaceae">Grubbiaceae</a> <small>Endl. ex Meisn.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydrangeaceae" title="Hydrangeaceae">Hydrangeaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydrostachyaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostachyaceae">Hydrostachyaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Loasaceae" title="Loasaceae">Loasaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Actinidiaceae" title="Actinidiaceae">Actinidiaceae</a> <small>Engl. & Gilg.</small></li>
<li><a href="Balsaminaceae" title="Balsaminaceae">Balsaminaceae</a> <small>A.Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Clethraceae" title="Clethraceae">Clethraceae</a> <small>Klotzsch</small></li>
<li><a href="Cyrillaceae" title="Cyrillaceae">Cyrillaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Diapensiaceae" title="Diapensiaceae">Diapensiaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Ebenaceae" title="Ebenaceae">Ebenaceae</a> <small>Gürke</small></li>
<li><a href="Ericaceae" title="Ericaceae">Ericaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Fouquieriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fouquieriaceae">Fouquieriaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lecythidaceae" title="Lecythidaceae">Lecythidaceae</a> <small>A.Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Marcgraviaceae" title="Marcgraviaceae">Marcgraviaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Mitrastemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitrastemonaceae">Mitrastemonaceae</a> <small>Makino</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Pentaphylacaceae" title="Pentaphylacaceae">Pentaphylacaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small> (including <a href="Ternstroemiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ternstroemiaceae">Ternstroemiaceae</a> <small>Mirb. ex DC.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Polemoniaceae" title="Polemoniaceae">Polemoniaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Primulaceae" title="Primulaceae">Primulaceae</a> <small>Batsch ex Borkh.</small> (including <a href="Maesaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Maesaceae">Maesaceae</a> <small>Anderb., B.Ståhl & Källersjö</small>, <a href="Myrsinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Myrsinaceae">Myrsinaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small>, <a href="Theophrastaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophrastaceae">Theophrastaceae</a> <small>G.Don</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Roridulaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roridulaceae">Roridulaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li><a href="Sapotaceae" title="Sapotaceae">Sapotaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sarraceniaceae" title="Sarraceniaceae">Sarraceniaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li>$$<a href="Sladeniaceae" title="Sladeniaceae">Sladeniaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Styracaceae" title="Styracaceae">Styracaceae</a> <small>DC. & Spreng.</small></li>
<li><a href="Symplocaceae" title="Symplocaceae">Symplocaceae</a> <small>Desf.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Tetrameristaceae" title="Tetrameristaceae">Tetrameristaceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small> (including <a href="Pellicieraceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pellicieraceae">Pellicieraceae</a> <small>L.Beauvis.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Theaceae" title="Theaceae">Theaceae</a> <small>Mirb. ex Ker Gawl.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="lamiids_(euasterids_I)"><a href="Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">lamiids</a> (<a href="Euasterids_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Euasterids I">euasterids I</a>)</h3></div>
<ul><li>§*<a href="Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Hoplestigmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoplestigmataceae">Hoplestigmataceae</a> <small>Gilg</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Vahliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vahliaceae">Vahliaceae</a> <small>Dandy</small></li>
<li><a href="Icacinaceae" title="Icacinaceae">Icacinaceae</a> <small>Miers</small></li>
<li><a href="Metteniusaceae" title="Metteniusaceae">Metteniusaceae</a> <small>H.Karst. ex Schnizl.</small></li>
<li><a href="Oncothecaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncothecaceae">Oncothecaceae</a> <small>Kobuski ex Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a> <small>Lindl.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Eucommiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eucommiaceae">Eucommiaceae</a> <small>Engl.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Garryaceae" title="Garryaceae">Garryaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small> (including Aucubaceae <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Apocynaceae" title="Apocynaceae">Apocynaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Gelsemiaceae" title="Gelsemiaceae">Gelsemiaceae</a> <small>Struwe & V.A.Albert</small></li>
<li><a href="Gentianaceae" title="Gentianaceae">Gentianaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Loganiaceae" title="Loganiaceae">Loganiaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Mart.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rubiaceae" title="Rubiaceae">Rubiaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a> <small>Bromhead</small>
<ul><li>§<a href="Acanthaceae" title="Acanthaceae">Acanthaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Bignoniaceae" title="Bignoniaceae">Bignoniaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Byblidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Byblidaceae">Byblidaceae</a> <small>Domin</small></li>
<li><a href="Calceolariaceae" title="Calceolariaceae">Calceolariaceae</a> <small>Olmstead</small></li>
<li><a href="Carlemanniaceae" title="Carlemanniaceae">Carlemanniaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Gesneriaceae" title="Gesneriaceae">Gesneriaceae</a> <small>Rich. & Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lamiaceae" title="Lamiaceae">Lamiaceae</a> <small>Martinov</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Linderniaceae" title="Linderniaceae">Linderniaceae</a> <small>Borsch, K.Müll., & Eb.Fisch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Lentibulariaceae" title="Lentibulariaceae">Lentibulariaceae</a> <small>Rich.</small></li>
<li><a href="Martyniaceae" title="Martyniaceae">Martyniaceae</a> <small>Horan.</small></li>
<li><a href="Oleaceae" title="Oleaceae">Oleaceae</a> <small>Hoffmanns. & Link</small></li>
<li><a href="Orobanchaceae" title="Orobanchaceae">Orobanchaceae</a> <small>Vent.</small></li>
<li><a href="Paulowniaceae" title="Paulowniaceae">Paulowniaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Pedaliaceae" title="Pedaliaceae">Pedaliaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Phrymaceae" title="Phrymaceae">Phrymaceae</a> <small>Schauer</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Plantaginaceae" title="Plantaginaceae">Plantaginaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Plocospermataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plocospermataceae">Plocospermataceae</a> <small>Hutch.</small></li>
<li><a href="Schlegeliaceae" title="Schlegeliaceae">Schlegeliaceae</a> <small>Reveal</small></li>
<li><a href="Scrophulariaceae" title="Scrophulariaceae">Scrophulariaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Stilbaceae" title="Stilbaceae">Stilbaceae</a> <small>Kunth</small></li>
<li><a href="Tetrachondraceae" title="Tetrachondraceae">Tetrachondraceae</a> <small>Wettst.</small></li>
<li>*<a href="Thomandersiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomandersiaceae">Thomandersiaceae</a> <small>Sreem.</small></li>
<li><a href="Verbenaceae" title="Verbenaceae">Verbenaceae</a> <small>J.St.-Hil.</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Convolvulaceae" title="Convolvulaceae">Convolvulaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Hydroleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroleaceae">Hydroleaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Edwards</small></li>
<li><a href="Montiniaceae" title="Montiniaceae">Montiniaceae</a> <small>Nakai</small></li>
<li><a href="Solanaceae" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Sphenocleaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenocleaceae">Sphenocleaceae</a> <small>T.Baskerv.</small></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="campanulids_(euasterids_II)"><a href="Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">campanulids</a> (<a href="Euasterids_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Euasterids II">euasterids II</a>)</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a> <small>Senft</small>
<ul><li><a href="Aquifoliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquifoliaceae">Aquifoliaceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Cardiopteridaceae" title="Cardiopteridaceae">Cardiopteridaceae</a> <small>Blume</small> (including Leptaulaceae <small>Tiegh.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Helwingiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helwingiaceae">Helwingiaceae</a> <small>Decne.</small></li>
<li><a href="Phyllonomaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phyllonomaceae">Phyllonomaceae</a> <small>Small</small></li>
<li><a href="Stemonuraceae" title="Stemonuraceae">Stemonuraceae</a> <small>Kårehed</small></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a> <small>Link</small>
<ul><li><a href="Alseuosmiaceae" title="Alseuosmiaceae">Alseuosmiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small></li>
<li><a href="Argophyllaceae" title="Argophyllaceae">Argophyllaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Asteraceae" title="Asteraceae">Asteraceae</a> <small>Bercht. & J.Presl</small></li>
<li><a href="Calyceraceae" title="Calyceraceae">Calyceraceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Rich.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Campanulaceae" title="Campanulaceae">Campanulaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Lobeliaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobeliaceae">Lobeliaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small>)</li>
<li><a href="Goodeniaceae" title="Goodeniaceae">Goodeniaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li><a href="Menyanthaceae" title="Menyanthaceae">Menyanthaceae</a> <small>Dumort.</small></li>
<li><a href="Pentaphragmataceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentaphragmataceae">Pentaphragmataceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Phellinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phellinaceae">Phellinaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small></li>
<li><a href="Rousseaceae" title="Rousseaceae">Rousseaceae</a> <small>DC.</small></li>
<li>$<a href="Stylidiaceae" title="Stylidiaceae">Stylidiaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small> (including <a href="Donatiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Donatiaceae">Donatiaceae</a> <small>B.Chandler</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a> <small>R.Br.</small>
<ul><li>§<a href="Escalloniaceae" title="Escalloniaceae">Escalloniaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex Dumort.</small> (including <a href="Eremosynaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Eremosynaceae">Eremosynaceae</a> <small>Dandy</small>, <a href="Polyosmaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyosmaceae">Polyosmaceae</a> <small>Blume</small>, <a href="Tribelaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribelaceae">Tribelaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a> <small>Dumort.</small>
<ul><li><a href="Bruniaceae" title="Bruniaceae">Bruniaceae</a> <small>R.Br. ex DC.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Columelliaceae" title="Columelliaceae">Columelliaceae</a> <small>D.Don</small> (including <a href="Desfontainiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Desfontainiaceae">Desfontainiaceae</a> <small>Endl.</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li>†<a href="Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a> <small>Takht. ex Reveal</small>
<ul><li>§<a href="Paracryphiaceae" title="Paracryphiaceae">Paracryphiaceae</a> <small>Airy Shaw</small> (including *Quintiniaceae <small>Doweld</small>, <a href="Sphenostemonaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphenostemonaceae">Sphenostemonaceae</a> <small>P.Royen & Airy Shaw</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a> <small>Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl</small>
<ul><li><a href="Adoxaceae" title="Adoxaceae">Adoxaceae</a> <small>E.Mey.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Caprifoliaceae" title="Caprifoliaceae">Caprifoliaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small> (including <a href="Diervillaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Diervillaceae">Diervillaceae</a> <small>Pyck</small>, <a href="Dipsacaceae" title="Dipsacaceae">Dipsacaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small>, <a href="Linnaeaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Linnaeaceae">Linnaeaceae</a> <small>Backlund</small>, <a href="Morinaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Morinaceae">Morinaceae</a> <small>Raf.</small>, <a href="Valerianaceae" title="Valerianaceae">Valerianaceae</a> <small>Batsch</small>)</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a> <small>Nakai</small>
<ul><li><a href="Apiaceae" title="Apiaceae">Apiaceae</a> <small>Lindl.</small> (including Mackinlayaceae)</li>
<li><a href="Araliaceae" title="Araliaceae">Araliaceae</a> <small>Juss.</small></li>
<li><a href="Griseliniaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Griseliniaceae">Griseliniaceae</a> <small>J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. ex A.Cunn.</small></li>
<li><a href="Myodocarpaceae" title="Myodocarpaceae">Myodocarpaceae</a> <small>Doweld</small></li>
<li><a href="Pennantiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennantiaceae">Pennantiaceae</a> <small>J.Agardh</small></li>
<li><a href="Pittosporaceae" title="Pittosporaceae">Pittosporaceae</a> <small>R.Br.</small></li>
<li>§<a href="Torricelliaceae" title="Torricelliaceae">Torricelliaceae</a> <small>Hu</small> (including <a href="Aralidiaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aralidiaceae">Aralidiaceae</a> <small>Philipson & B.C.Stone</small>, <a href="Melanophyllaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanophyllaceae">Melanophyllaceae</a> <small>Takht. ex Airy Shaw</small>)</li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxa_of_uncertain_position">Taxa of uncertain position</h3></div>
<ul><li><a href="Apodanthaceae" title="Apodanthaceae">Apodanthaceae</a> <small>Takht.</small> (three genera, now in <a href="Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Cynomoriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynomoriaceae">Cynomoriaceae</a> <small>Endl. ex Lindl.</small></li>
<li><i><a href="Gumillea" class="mw-redirect" title="Gumillea">Gumillea</a></i> <small>Ruiz & Pav.</small></li>
<li><i><a href="Petenaea" title="Petenaea">Petenaea</a></i> <small>Lundell</small> (now in <a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="Nicobariodendron" title="Nicobariodendron">Nicobariodendron</a></i> (see Simmons, 2004; probably in <a href="Celastraceae" title="Celastraceae">Celastraceae</a>).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h2></div>
<p>The APG III system was based on a <a href="Phylogenetic_tree" title="Phylogenetic tree">phylogenetic tree</a> for the angiosperms which included all of the 59 orders and 4 of the unplaced families. The <a href="Systematics" title="Systematics">systematic</a> <a href="Plant_taxonomy" title="Plant taxonomy">positions</a> of the other 6 unplaced families was so uncertain that they could not be placed in any of the <a href="Polytomy" title="Polytomy">polytomies</a> in the tree. They are shown in the classification table entitled <a href="#Detailed_version_(with_all_families)">"Detailed version"</a> above, 4 in Euasterids I and 2 in Taxa of uncertain position.
</p><p>The phylogenetic tree shown below was published with the APG III system,<sup id="cite_ref-apgiii_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apgiii-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but without some of the labels that are added here.
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<td class="clade-label first"><b><a href="Angiosperms" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiosperms">angiosperms</a></b>
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<p><a href="Magnoliales" title="Magnoliales">Magnoliales</a>
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<p><a href="Laurales" title="Laurales">Laurales</a>
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<p><a href="Alismatales" title="Alismatales">Alismatales</a>
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<p><a href="Petrosaviales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrosaviales">Petrosaviales</a>
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<p><a href="Dioscoreales" title="Dioscoreales">Dioscoreales</a>
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<p><a href="Pandanales" title="Pandanales">Pandanales</a>
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<p><a href="Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a>
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<p><a href="Asparagales" title="Asparagales">Asparagales</a>
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<td class="clade-label"><a href="Commelinids" title="Commelinids">commelinids</a>
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<p><small><i><a href="Dasypogonaceae" title="Dasypogonaceae">Dasypogonaceae</a></i></small>
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<p><a href="Arecales" title="Arecales">Arecales</a>
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<p><a href="Commelinales" title="Commelinales">Commelinales</a>
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<p><a href="Ceratophyllales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceratophyllales">Ceratophyllales</a>
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<p><a href="Celastrales" title="Celastrales">Celastrales</a>
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<p><a href="Oxalidales" title="Oxalidales">Oxalidales</a>
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<p><a href="Malpighiales" title="Malpighiales">Malpighiales</a>
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<p><a href="Fabales" title="Fabales">Fabales</a>
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<p><a href="Rosales" title="Rosales">Rosales</a>
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<p><a href="Fagales" title="Fagales">Fagales</a>
</p>
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<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Cucurbitales" title="Cucurbitales">Cucurbitales</a>
</p>
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<tr>
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<td class="clade-label"><a href="Malvids" class="mw-redirect" title="Malvids">malvids</a>
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<div>
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<p><a href="Geraniales" title="Geraniales">Geraniales</a>
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<p><a href="Myrtales" title="Myrtales">Myrtales</a>
</p>
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<p><a href="Crossosomatales" title="Crossosomatales">Crossosomatales</a>
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<p><a href="Picramniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Picramniales">Picramniales</a>
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<p><a href="Sapindales" title="Sapindales">Sapindales</a>
</p>
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</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Huerteales" title="Huerteales">Huerteales</a>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
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<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Brassicales" title="Brassicales">Brassicales</a>
</p>
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<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
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</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Malvales" title="Malvales">Malvales</a>
</p>
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<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<div>
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<p><a href="Berberidopsidales" title="Berberidopsidales">Berberidopsidales</a>
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<p><a href="Santalales" title="Santalales">Santalales</a>
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<p><a href="Caryophyllales" title="Caryophyllales">Caryophyllales</a>
</p>
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<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
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<td class="clade-label"><a href="Asterids" title="Asterids">asterids</a>
</td>
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<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
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<p><a href="Cornales" title="Cornales">Cornales</a>
</p>
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<td class="clade-slabel">
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<p><a href="Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a>
</p>
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<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Euasterids" class="mw-redirect" title="Euasterids">euasterids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first"><a href="Lamiids" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamiids">lamiids</a>
</td>
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<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
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<p><a href="Garryales" title="Garryales">Garryales</a>
</p>
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</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><small><i><a href="Boraginaceae" title="Boraginaceae">Boraginaceae</a></i></small>
</p>
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<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
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<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Gentianales" title="Gentianales">Gentianales</a>
</p>
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<p><a href="Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a>
</p>
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<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
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<p><a href="Lamiales" title="Lamiales">Lamiales</a>
</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-label"><a href="Campanulids" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanulids">campanulids</a>
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<div>
<table class="clade">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Aquifoliales" title="Aquifoliales">Aquifoliales</a>
</p>
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<p><a href="Asterales" title="Asterales">Asterales</a>
</p>
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<td class="clade-slabel">
</td></tr>
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<td class="clade-label">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Escalloniales" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalloniales">Escalloniales</a>
</p>
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<div>
<table class="clade">
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<td class="clade-label first">
</td>
<td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf">
<p><a href="Bruniales" title="Bruniales">Bruniales</a>
</p>
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</td></tr>
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<p><a href="Apiales" title="Apiales">Apiales</a>
</p>
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<p><a href="Paracryphiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Paracryphiales">Paracryphiales</a>
</p>
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<p><a href="Dipsacales" title="Dipsacales">Dipsacales</a>
</p>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
</td></tr>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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<td class="clade-slabel last">
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subfamilies_replacing_discontinued_families">Subfamilies replacing discontinued families</h2></div>
<p>A number of subfamilies have been proposed to replace some of the families which were optional (i.e. bracketed) in APG II, but have been discontinued in APG III.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are shown in the table below.
</p>
<table class="wikitable sortable" border="1">
<caption>Subfamilies replacing APG II bracketed families
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th>APG II bracketed family</th>
<th>APG III family: subfamily
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>Agapanthaceae</td>
<td>Amaryllidaceae: Agapanthoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Agavaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Agavoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Alliaceae</td>
<td>Amaryllidaceae: Allioideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Amaryllidaceae</td>
<td>Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Aphyllanthaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Aphyllanthoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asparagaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Asparagoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Asphodelaceae</td>
<td>Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Hemerocallidaceae</td>
<td>Xanthorrhoeaceae: Hemerocallidoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Hesperocallidaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Agavoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Hyacinthaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Scilloideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Laxmanniaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Lomandroideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Ruscaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Themidaceae</td>
<td>Asparagaceae: Brodiaeoideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Xanthorrhoeaceae</td>
<td>Xanthorrhoeaceae: Xanthorrhoeoideae
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-apgiii-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apgiii_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apgiii_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apgiii_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}
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</style><cite id="CITEREFAngiosperm_Phylogeny_Group2009" class="citation cs2">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">105–</span>121, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00996.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</a></span>, <a href="Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10654%2F18083">10654/18083</a></span></cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linnean.org/index.php?id=448"><i>As easy as APG III - Scientists revise the system of classifying flowering plants</i></a>, The Linnean Society of London, 2009-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-29</span></span></cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortweek.com/channel/OrnamentalsProduction/rss/article/943975/APG-III-tidies-plant-family-tree/"><i>APG III tidies up plant family tree</i></a>, <a href="Horticulture_Week" title="Horticulture Week">Horticulture Week</a>, 2009-10-08<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-29</span></span></cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChaseReveal2009" class="citation cs2">Chase, Mark W. & Reveal, James L. (2009), "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">122–</span>127, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.01002.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x</a></span></cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haston, E., Richardson, J.E., Stevens, P.F., Chase, M.W., Harris, D.J. (2009) The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III. <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i> <b>161</b>, 128–131.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. F. Fay, J. J. Clarkson, P. Gasson, J. Morales Can, J. B. Jimenez Barrios & M. W. Chase (2010). Petenaeaceae, a new angiosperm family in Huerteales with a distant relationship to <i>Gerrardina</i> (Gerrardinaceae), <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i> 164: 16-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01074.x/abstract">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01074.x/abstract</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christenhusz, M. J. M., M. W. Chase, & M.F.Fay (2011). Preface to "Linear sequence, classification, synonymy, and bibliography of vascular plants: Lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms", <i>Phytotaxa</i> 19: 4–6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p006.pdf">http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/pt00019p006.pdf</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChaseRevealFay2009" class="citation cs2">Chase, M.W.; Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009), "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae", <i>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, <b>161</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">132–</span>136, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1095-8339.2009.00999.x">10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x</a></span></cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li>The APG III paper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525104318/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x/abstract">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III</a></li>
<li>The LAPG III paper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01000.x/abstract">The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III</a></li>
<li>The phylogenetic classification of land plants paper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x/abstract">A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/"><i>Missouri Botanical Garden</i></a> website</li></ul>
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</style><div id="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">List of systems of plant taxonomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by <a href="Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley</a> in his 1853 edition, and <a href="Rolf_Dahlgren" title="Rolf Dahlgren">Dahlgren</a> (1982). Examples include the works of <a href="Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli" title="Giovanni Antonio Scopoli">Scopoli</a>, <a href="%C3%89tienne_Pierre_Ventenat" title="Étienne Pierre Ventenat">Ventenat</a>, <a href="August_Batsch" title="August Batsch">Batsch</a> and <a href="August_Grisebach" title="August Grisebach">Grisebach</a>.</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Linnaean753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="John_Ray_system_(1686–1704)42" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="John_Ray" title="John Ray">John Ray system (1686–1704)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>A discourse on the seeds of plants</i></li>
<li><i>Methodus plantarum nova</i></li>
<li><i>De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis</i></li>
<li><i>Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Darwinian753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean system (1735–51)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Genera_Plantarum" title="Genera Plantarum">Genera Plantarum</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Philosophia_Botanica" title="Philosophia Botanica">Philosophia Botanica</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Adanson_system" title="Adanson system">Adanson system (1763)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Familles naturelles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="De_Jussieu_system" title="De Jussieu system">De Jussieu system (1789)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="De_Candolle_system" title="De Candolle system">De Candolle system (1819–24)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Th%C3%A9orie_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire_de_la_botanique" class="mw-redirect" title="Théorie élémentaire de la botanique">Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux</a></i></li>
<li><i>Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Friedrich_von_Berchtold" title="Friedrich von Berchtold">Berchtold</a> and <a href="Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">Presl</a><br> system (1820–1823)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="O_Prirozenosti_Rostlin" class="mw-redirect" title="O Prirozenosti Rostlin">O Prirozenosti Rostlin</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Carl_Adolph_Agardh" title="Carl Adolph Agardh">Agardh system (1825)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classes Plantarum</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Samuel_Frederick_Gray" title="Samuel Frederick Gray">Gray system (1821)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Natural Arrangement of British Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Karl_Julius_Perleb" title="Karl Julius Perleb">Perleb system (1826)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Barth%C3%A9lemy_Charles_Joseph_Dumortier" title="Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier">Dumortier system (1829)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Analyse des familles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley system (1830–45)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</i></li>
<li><i>The Vegetable Kingdom</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="George_Don" title="George Don">Don system (1834)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>General History of Dichlamydious Plants</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bentham_%26_Hooker_system" title="Bentham & Hooker system">Bentham & Hooker system<br>(1862–83)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Henri_Ernest_Baillon" title="Henri Ernest Baillon">Baillon system (1867–94)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Histoire des plantes</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Post-Darwinian_(Phyletic)753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post-<a href="Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a> (Phyletic)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nineteenth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Eichler_system" title="Eichler system">Eichler system (1875–1886)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert</i></li>
<li><i>Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Engler_system" title="Engler system">Engler system (1886–1924)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau</i></li>
<li><i><a href="Die_Nat%C3%BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien">Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien">Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li>
<li><i>Das Pflanzenreich</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Philippe_van_Tieghem" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe van Tieghem">van Tieghem system (1891)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de botanique</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twentieth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Karl_Wilhelm_von_Dalla_Torre" title="Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre">Dalla Torre & Harms<br> system (1900–07)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Eugenius_Warming" title="Eugenius Warming">Warming system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Haandbog i den systematiske botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hans_Hallier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Hallier">Hallier system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bessey_system" title="Bessey system">Bessey system (1915)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wettstein_system" title="Wettstein system">Wettstein system (1901–35)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Handbuch der systematischen Botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Johannes_Paulus_Lotsy" title="Johannes Paulus Lotsy">Lotsy system (1907–11)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hutchinson_system" title="Hutchinson system">Hutchinson system (1926–73)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vittorio_Calestani" title="Vittorio Calestani">Calestani system (1933)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Yojiro_Kimura" title="Yojiro Kimura">Kimura system (1956)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Louis_Emberger" title="Louis Emberger">Emberger system (1960)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de Botanique systématique</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Melchior_system" title="Melchior system">Melchior system (1964)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Takhtajan_system" title="Takhtajan system">Takhtajan system (1966–97)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants</i></li>
<li><i>Flowering plants: origin and dispersal</i></li>
<li><i>Diversity and classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system (1968–81)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>The evolution and classification of flowering plants</i></li>
<li><i>An integrated system of classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Goldberg_system" title="Goldberg system">Goldberg system (1986–89</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Dahlgren_system" title="Dahlgren system">Dahlgren system (1975–85)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Thorne_system" title="Thorne system">Thorne system (1968–2000)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kubitzki_system" title="Kubitzki system">Kubitzki system (1990–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Reveal_system" title="Reveal system">Reveal system (1997)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group_System_(1998–)753" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (1998–)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="APG_system" title="APG system">An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants (APG I)</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="APG_II_system" title="APG II system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II</a></i></li>
<li><i></i>
<ul><li><a href="Chase_%26_Reveal_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase & Reveal System">Chase & Reveal System</a> (2009)</li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Website">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt>
<dd><i><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Plantae (L.)">Plantae</a></i> at Wikispecies • </dd></dl>
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